Ancient Culture of Mesopotamia Essay

Between 3000-550BC, the civilisation of the culture of Mesopotamia, also k at one timen as The stain Between Two Rivers was at its peak. Unfortunately, much of Mesopotamias contributions to the history of hu composition civilization go un noniced. The extra history avail equal on this magnificent land luffs that a great allocate of human civilization begun in Mesopotamia. This is proven by its extensive trade routes, outstanding leaders, and astronomical development in technology that came into being in the ancient Mesopotamia. Undoubtedly, the ancient culture in Mesopotamia was the epitome of civilization. Duker and Spielvogel enumerate a egress of verbalisms that need to considered for a culture to be referred to as refine (7). They include the existence of written laws, intensive agriculture, division of labor, highly structured communities, market economy, among other variables.Thus, drawing from these elements that dictate civilizations, this essay attempts to explain wherefore the ancient culture of Mesopotamia deserves to be called a civilization. By 3000 BC, the Sumerians, people of unknown origin had expanded the cities in Mesopotamia. During this period, they began to exercise political and sparing control over other parts of the vast Mesopotamia. In addition, they create metropolis states, the most basic units of civilization in Mesopotamia. To start with, it is necessary to consider how Mesopotamia was divided. Mesopotamia was divided into what is now referred to as Sumerian cities. Walls surrounded these cities with towers for defense shooting up high to 35 feet. Uruk, for instance, was a city heavily protected by Sumerians remarkable creativity and innovation. The buildings in Mesopotamia were outstanding.Made of sun-dried-bricks and bound together by mud, Sumerians, both peasants put up dwellings that housed their households. Evidently, Mesopotamia has displayed the most artistic and creative architecture made of bricks of all time. S econdly, the economic might of the people of Mesopotamia further proves the level of civilization exhibited by Mesopotamias culture. Sumerian cities were predominantly agricultural. How perpetually, Mesopotamians in effect(p) other economic aspects such as commerce and industry. For instance, they produced metalwork, pottery, and woolen textiles. In a display of their ceremonious trade market economy, Mesopotamians exchanged their agricultural products such as dried fish, barley, and wheat for imports that included copper, timber, and tin.business deal in Mesopotamia was made even easier with the introduction of carts with wheels. Duker and Spielvogel postulate that close to 90% of the entire Mesopotamian population skillful agriculture (8). With the increase in the numbers of Sumerian cities, Mesopotamia saw the need for the creation of more lucubrate leadership structures. Thus in 2340 BC, the city states were abolished and more expansive and inclusive concept of leadership ca me into force, the empire. Mesopotamia did not only thrive on extensive and highly structured trade routes it enjoyed the leadership of a comfortable organisation of governance. Despite having fallen almost the time when city states were abolished ushering in the concept of an empire, Mesopotamia had accomplished leaders.Sargon I, for instance, was able to bring together the vast land of civilized people together and foster unity, which further gave his subjects the public security necessary for development. Along with the highly structured and remarkably efficient government clays was the rule of law that existed in Mesopotamia. The Code of Hammurabi, for instance, was a collection of laws that provided a platform for exercising justice in Mesopotamia. Just as most laws in this day and get along with atomic number 18 strict, Duker and Spielvogel give an insight into how these laws were enforced (9). The Hammurabi Code is substantiation of a civilized ancient society with str ict rules that came with strict punishments for breach any. As far as apparitional aspects of this ancient culture were concerned, it is evident that the people of Mesopotamia were spiritual.In Mesopotamia, religion was led by priests who were accorded comply and valued by everyone including the kings. They believed in the existence of gods who were said to be at the helm of all the endeavors in Mesopotamia. It was in this effect that kings and other leaders had the responsibility of dedicating monuments and offerings for the gods for their much needed favor, especially at multiplication of war. With many gods to be observed by the Mesopotamians, it suffices to say that religion was based on polytheism. Another aspect of ultimate importance in the ancient culture of Mesopotamia is that of the art of arts and sciences. At around 3000 BC, the Sumerians introduced a system of writing that they referred to as cuneiform.Out of reeds, they inscribed wedge-shaped writings on clay tablet s. The tablets were whence baked, and once dry, they left permanent impressions that have continued to be sources of fascinating literature of this ancient society. It is from this trick that the art of writing began, without which we would have known nothing about writing. Therefore, it is agreeable that the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was civilized. Initially, Sumerian art of writing began with pictures of concrete objects, but gradually developed to form a phonetic system that made it possible for them to put abstract ideas into writing. Tracking the importance of writing in the ancient Mesopotamia, Duker and Spielvogel show how writing was vital to the people of Mesopotamia (13).With writing came the practice of keeping records of previous activities in addition to enhancing non-verbal communication. In addition to the outstanding art, Mesopotamians made incredible achievements as far as scientific discoveries are concerned. Arguably, their contributions to the maths we pe rform instantly never go unnoticed. Thus, Mesopotamians played a pivotal role in the domain of a function of mathematics and astronomy. Duker and Spielvogel suggest that Mesopotamian culture ushered in a wave of technological advancements that no man had ever known (12). The period between 3000- 550 BC saw great scientific revolutions in Mesopotamia that led to the invention of exponents and roots in mathematics. Surprisingly, 4000 years later, no such discoveries have been made, discoveries so simple that no man has been able to improve on.With this breakthrough in mathematics and geometry, Sumerians could now employ this new concept in their various architectural designs. For instance, it was after the introduction of architectural concepts of arch, dome, and vaulted ceilings used in designing dwellings in Mesopotamia. Consequently, more people could fit into less space because of the new and effective designs of the dwellings. On the same note, it is prevalent to note that it was in Mesopotamia that the numbers we now see in math were first coined. Mesopotamians devised the numbering, which they used in astronomy and keeping their calendar. With their newly found mathematical concept, they were able to base their calendar on the on the 12 lunar months.Duker and Spielvogel further use the elaborate trading system in Mesopotamia to illustrate how civilized it was (7). History suggests that Mesopotamia had the most civilized trading system with its trading routes running from Egypt to India. Initially, most nations of Mesopotamias age had trades that only operated within villagers. However, in Mesopotamia, trade extended beyond its borders through which Mesopotamia obtained most of its commodities through trading trade.Thus, it is through these far-reaching trade routes that one can confidently argue that the ancient culture of Mesopotamia had an immense deal of civilization. At the mention of Mesopotamia and civilization, one never fails to note the early forms of education systems that existed during this period. In Mesopotamia, Sumerians had devised a modal value of educating the young members of the society how to read and write Algaze 8). However, this never came to be until the art of writing was discovered.The Sumerians came up with what they referred to as writing schools that provided avenues through which early scholars learned creative writing (Algaze 6). These centers formed vibrant systems of apprentice. It was in the apprentice schools that craftsmen and artists trained on the job. They offered training on woodwork, metal work among other forms of art. Through this early system of education, other skills such as brewing and baking were taught. On the other hand, Sumerian schools provided graduates who later served as scribes in palaces, temples, and other affluent dwellings. Others proceeded to become instructors in other learning centers. Finally, it is necessary to look at how Mesopotamia displayed civilization via t he palm of medicine. It is evident that Mesopotamia was at the heart of the invention of practical medicine.Archaeologists have stumbled on pharmaceutic tablets that are said to have cured wounds, venereal diseases among other ailments of the ancient times. Whist other places are said to have resorted to dancing to drive away headaches Mesopotamians had made a breakthrough in the field of medicine and were actually treating headache (Algaze 5). This only serves to demonstrate how the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was civilized. Therefore, in view of the cause evidence of civilization, it suffices to say that the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was civilized.It is obvious to draw a conclusion that owing to Mesopotamias highly structured and elaborate leadership system, trade routes, technological advancements, educational systems, and well established religious system the culture of Mesopotamia is an ideal example of civilization of the ancient times. It is evident that, most of th e technologies available today have a history with Mesopotamia. From carts with wheels to mathematical functions, symbols of Mesopotamias culture are evident. Thus, using Duker and Spielvogels elements as a yardstick against which to measure civilization, it is evident that Mesopotamias ancient culture did exhibit most of the elements therefore, deserves to be called a civilization.Works CitedAlgaze, Guillermo. Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilization The Evolution of an Urban Landscape. lucre University of Chicago Press. 2008 Print. Duker, William & Spielvogel, Jackson. The Essential World History. 6th edition, Wadsworth Publishing 2011. Print.