Christianity and Narnia Essay

Christianity is a religion that more than half of our world believes in. It is the belief that Jesus was the Son of God who saved humanity from sin. That Mary the redeemer said yes to God. Christianity is made up of many different parts. The Paschal Mystery which means the life, death and resurrection of Jesus, the Son of God is what sets Christianity apart from other religions. Christianity has many denominations, for example Mormons, Anglicans, Presbyterian. Christians believe that Jesus lived for humanity, died for humanity, and resurrected for humanity. Christ is percepted in many different ways; he is depicted as the Son of God who died for humans on the cross. Over one third of the world is Christians, but nearly 75% of the world celebrates traditions which only Christians believe in. An example of this would be Easter. Easter is when Jesus died for humans on the cross, but nowadays non-believers celebrate it and is treated as a public holiday. This shows how important Christianity is to humans, and also to the world. In the Bible, Jesus was first mentioned in the book of Isaiah in the Old Testament. He was depicted as the son of God. Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign:  The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son,  and will call him Immanuel. ’Jesus’s name was not mentioned. Isaiah’s prophecy was then fulfilled in the gospel of Luke. ‘Was born of a virgin named Mary’ (Luke 1:26-31). Also Jesus had performed many great miracles. Jesus performed the changing of the water to win at the wedding at Cana. ‘7  Jesus said to the servants  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fill the jars with water†; so they filled them to the brim. 8  then he told them,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Now draw some out and take it to the master of the banquet. † This is the gospel of John 2:7-8. Christians believe Jesus was fully divine and human. Which was why when Jesus was nailed to the cross, the pain he felt was the pain humans would have felt as well. Jesus was crucified on the cross because it was the common way to die. Christians pray and sing hymns praising the Lord. They commonly sing the song ‘I say Yes’ This has the meaning of Mary saying yes to the angel Gabriel to be the mother of Jesus Christ. In the song it has the phrase ‘To the God who cannot die’. This is interpreted in the meaning that God will always be there. He is omnipresent, omniscient and omnipotent. During church, before epiclesis when transubstantion has not yet occurred. The Memorial Acclamation is read to show what Jesus had given up before he was crucified and to show how important the epiclesis is. ‘To do this in the memory of him’. Every year in the month of May, Christians read the Angelus because it is the month of Mary. In the angelus, the Hail Mary is read. A verse in that passage is ‘Pray for us’. That Mary, our redeemer will continue to look over us as she had once done with Jesus. A perfect example of how Christians have continued to spread the word of God and believed is C.S Lewis. He had written a series of books which relate to the belief of Jesus. A quote he had once said was ‘I believe in Christianity as I believe that the sun has risen: not only because I see it, but because by it I see everything else. ’This is a very strong quote because he had continued to live and carry out God’s mission. In the Catechism, CCC 600 it states ‘Lamb of God takes away the Sin of the world’ this is how the Roman Church interpreted Jesus and his teachings. The Lamb of God is Jesus because Jesus is commonly interpreted and depicted as a lamb. Through this Christians carry out acts which follow these teachings. This helps people understand how important Christianity is to the world. It shows what Christians believe and how they show this through their actions. There are many stories and movies which have been written to portray the life of Jesus and the belief of Christianity. One of the many is Narnia by C. S Lewis. This movie and book series stands out because it has many subtle and prominent links between Christianity and Narnia. C. S Lewis was inspired to write the Narnia book series after his ‘mental religious wars’. He converted from a protestant to an atheist then to a Christian (catholic) and is now known as one of the most inspirational theologists. C. S Lewis slipped in and added many subtle symbols. For example, during the scene when Susan and Peter went into the Professor’s study, the notebook on his table was in the shape of an apple. This symbolises Original Sin. The apple shows the relationship between God and Humanity. How evil had come into the world. Narnia is a story with 4 main characters Edmund, Susan, Lily and Peter. C. S Lewis used the characters of Susan and Lily as Eve, and Edmund and Peter as the Sons of Adam. When the children had first gone into the Land of Narnia, we are first introduced to them being as the sons and daughters of Eve and Adam. There are three types of sins in the world, Original Sin, Social Sin and Personal Sin. Social Sin is depicted in Narnia through the White Witch. Narnia is set in a land where it is winter. It is depicted as the season of winter because it symbolises dark and evil. Because of the White Which. In the shots where Aslan is present, the land of Narnia is spring. It is as if Narnia Is released and freed from evil. Personal Sin is depicted in Narnia through Edmund. Aslan, the lion performed many miracles in the series of Narnia. When the White Witch had frozen the thorns and people to stone, Aslan blew on them to unfreeze them. This is a very big miracle of him. Jesus had also performed many miracles in his lifetime. ,  6  After saying this, he spit  on the ground, made some mud with the saliva, and put it on the man’s eyes. 7  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Go,†Ã‚  he told him,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"wash in the Pool of Siloam†. So the man went and washed, and came home seeing. This is the gospel of John 9:6-7. Jesus too also performed strange and powerful miracles to help others. In the book Narnia, C.S Lewis quotes from Aslan as King ‘Aslan as everywhere’ to ‘He will be back’. C. S Lewis had many inspirations to write the book. One of the many was when his wife was cured of cancer but then later died. Despite her dying, he had continued on the write the books. In the book of Catechism, CCC 977, it says that Christ who died for our sin and rose for us so we may walk in the fullness of life. This is what the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church believes what Christ is and what human life is about. In CCC 1708, ‘by his Passion, Christ delivered us from Satan and from sin. He merited for us the new life in the Holy Spirit. His grace restores what sin had damaged in us. ’ These are what they Catholics believe what Christ did and how it affected humanity as a whole and how sin had damaged us. Christians can follow and learn about the life and times of Jesus Christ and the origins of Christianity through reading the books and watching the movies of Narnia. This is relevant to the religion Christianity because the book and film Narnia had incorporated many symbols to show Catholicism. This helps Christians understand their religion and how it had started.

Children in Competitive Sports Essay

As more parents enroll their children into competitive sports like football, gymnastics, and swimming to name a few, the controversy whether this type of competitive participation is beneficial or not continue to grow. Supporters for competitive sports propose arguments like it encourages physical activity and teaches good character while opponents claim that sports are no longer fun for the children and promote an inappropriate win-at-all cost mentality. [ The best compromise would be to offer a low-pressure fun environment from the coaches and parents that emphasize that children have an enjoyable time.] The main supporting argument to allow children to play sports is because it offers a healthy avenue for physical activity. A study had linked a sedentary lifestyle with â€Å"the development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity† in adults with their origins rooted in their childhood (Massin ). Even more, many of today’s children do not get enough physical activity, spending nearly 20 hours a week in front of a television, making it the most time spent on any one activity besides sleeping (Boyse and Song â€Å"Television†). As a result, nearly a quarter of all children in America are considered obese according to Boyse (Obesity and Overweight). One reason is probably due to the lack of physical activity today’s children engage in. An easy way to prevent children from becoming obese is to encourage them to play a sport which requires them to stay physically active. Also, according to the results of a research done by a group on the cardiorespiratory system of children, they recommended â€Å"controlled physical competitive activity in children because of its benefits on cardiorespiratory function and the absence of adverse effects† (Caballero 371). Children also learn many good values from participating in sports and from winning and losing games. Sheehy learned the value of working hard and persevering through difficult times. Many times he wanted to quit because he wasn’t good enough for the team, but he was encouraged by his father to continue practicing and as an end result of his hard work, he made his high school varsity basketball team (Sheehy 19-21). In addition, Sheehy believes losing is a great way to teach many important lessons to children like controlling their emotions and finding positive aspects in a bad situation. Furthermore, Sheehy believes that a team has much more room for improvement after experiencing a loss than a win (70-73). Finally, winning is a good thing too. It gives children a goal to work hard towards and the feeling of victory is a great reward for an entire season’s worth of hard work and practice (Sundberg 71). In addition, participation in competitive sports is a great way to teach children many important lessons that can be applied later in life. A study found that children who participated in sports generally scored higher for competitiveness. However, in the same study, they found that children who didn’t play sports exhibited higher signs of impatience and aggression ( Kanda). This was probably because the children who participated in sports had developed a better character through playing sports. Furthermore, according to Heckler, some form of competition in young children is a good thing because it is one of the main motivational factors behind success in the real world beyond sports. If a person lacks a competitive drive to succeed and puts no effort into anything they do, then they will never get anywhere in life (Heckler). Also, most sports require some degree of teamwork and cooperation in order to be successful. Therefore, teamwork can teach children from an early age that it is necessary to work together and relate with one another in order to succeed (Sundberg 72). In addition, it is possible for children to know who they truly are and their own physical and mental limits through sports. They will be able to find out what their strengths and weaknesses are and can improve their own character by participating in sports (Sundberg 71) However, there are many reasons why children quit competitive sports; the number one being because it was no longer fun (Engh 132). According to the National Alliance for Sports, 70 percent of children quit competitive sports by the age of 13 and never return to play competitively again (Kendrick). Most of the time, these children quit because their coaches and parents began to emphasize other things like winning instead of having fun. The coach might not give everyone equal playing time, only putting out his best players for games and not giving some of the lesser skilled players any time at all (Engh 85). Furthermore, according to a poll of 26,000 children, the number one reason why they played sports was â€Å"for fun† (Team Sports). Children usually have fun in sports because there is little pressure to excel and they enjoy learning the basic skills and fundamentals of a game. However, â€Å"making kids concentrate on one sport often takes the fun out of it† (Senay 239). When parents start forcing their children to attend practice against their will, the children begin to perceive it as work and not as fun and that is when they want to quit. The number two reason why children quit competitive sports was that there was too much pressure on winning (Engh 132). Many children’s enthusiasm for the sport declines as the coach begins to emphasize winning. In the same poll asking 26,000 children why they played sports, winning came in tenth after improving skills and staying in shape (Team Sports). Obviously, winning means much more to the parents and coaches than to the actual participants themselves. It is important to remember that these games are supposed to be for the children and not a way for parents to live their hopes and dreams or past regrets and failures through their children. Parents and coaches should keep in mind that the participants of these competitive sports are children who are looking for a fun time, not professional athletes whose only job is to win. Another argument that opponents cite is that it is not safe for the children. An overwhelming majority of volunteer coaches are not properly trained for safely teaching children how to play sports (Engh 81). Many of these volunteer coaches are usually fathers who have volunteered for the position because no one else was willing to do it. Therefore, many of them have not gone through basic training to give lessons properly and safely. Even worse, sometimes even the properly trained coaches may disregard warning symptoms of exhaustion, heatstroke, or pain by forcing the children to â€Å"tough it out† and have a macho attitude during practice and ignore any discomfort they might experience. However this â€Å"no pain, no gain† mentality may have unforeseen consequences by causing serious sport injuries instead of making the children stronger and tougher athletes (Senay 242). Also, some coaches may utilize unsafe practices so they can have an advantage over the competition. One story went like this. A mother came to practice early to pick up her son and found him in the coach’s car with the heat turned on high while wrapped in plastic bags. The coach’s plan was to force the boy to sweat out 7 pounds so he could make the 98 pound weight limit. Unfortunately, the coach’s ignorance and negligence put a child’s life at risk just so his team could have an advantage in the upcoming season. Even worse, stories like these can be seen in newspapers across the country on a daily basis (Engh 91). Finally, children may not develop good character because they are surrounded by and learning from poor examples. The idea that children learn by example and not words is even more applicable in competitive sports. Children are surprisingly observant about an adult’s actions. A study which interviewed youth sports participants for moral issues they encountered in sports found that there were three main problems they had experienced which were fairness of adult’s actions, negative game behaviors, and negative team behaviors (Stuart). Also, the activities of unruly parents during sporting events are probably the farthest thing from teaching good character to their children. Some parents can become overly enthusiastic especially when their children are playing and may cause disruptive scenes if they believe that there was an unfair ruling against their children. Furthermore, these disruptive scenes may escalate into actual physical fights among parents. In one news story, one hockey player’s father started a fight with another player’s father on the opposing team over a small disagreement. It ended with one man killed and the other charged with manslaughter. As the story goes, while one dad was beating on the other man, his son begged for him to stop and tried to pull his dad off while he continued to assault the other man (Hegedus, â€Å"Sports Rage†). Another story made headlines when a brawl started in Los Angeles involving more than 30 adults while they were watching a football game of 14 year olds (Parents Fight. ). Even though these are extreme examples, they are starting to become common occurrences in the bleachers. Finally, I have to ask, is this really the kind of character that parents want to exhibit and teach to their children? In summary, there are strong reasons on both sides why competitive sports should be prohibited or allowed. Research shows and recommends that playing sports is a great way for children to stay healthy. Also, by playing sports, children can learn how to deal with the realities of life and experience the rewards of hard work. On the contrary though, many children enroll in competitive sports because they originally perceived it to be fun. However, as children grow older and competition becomes more intense, sports may start being seen as work and not play. Furthermore, competitive sports may not be as safe for children as it is currently perceived. Untrained coach volunteers and unsafe practices may lead to permanent injury to children. Finally, because children can be exposed to poor role models like unruly parents and coaches, they may not be able to develop a good moral character if they are to learn from them by example. I think that the best compromise between the two sides would be to offer a low pressure environment that emphasizes having fun in sports. The main reason children participate in sports is so they can have fun so it would be in the children’s best interest to offer them just that. One way to create a low pressure environment is to not keep scores or statistics like points made or batting averages. In fact, it may also be beneficial if the scores were not displayed during games too. Instead, points would be marked secretly and quietly so that the parents would not become unruly especially if the game becomes intense. In addition, there should be a requirement by all family members of players to sign a code of conduct that they will â€Å"uphold a certain standard of behavior and exhibit good sportsmanship† as some leagues have already implemented (Hegedus, â€Å"Silent Saturdays and Oaths†). Finally, it may be a good idea to assign people to constantly monitor the parents and stop any disruptive behavior before it can get out of control (Engh 158). In addition, all coaches should be properly trained in teaching children and monitoring their health. They should stress maintaining a healthy practice environment like ensuring that their players get adequate water and take necessary breaks if the day is extremely hot or if they experience any sort of bad pain. Furthermore, volunteers should be required to take some basic classes and have some type of certification so that they are properly trained in teaching children safely. Also, contrary to belief, a certification requirement would not deter volunteers. A study done by Northern Kentucky University found that people would rather volunteer for a team that required certified volunteers and that a training requirement and fee â€Å"would not discourage them from volunteering to coach† (Engh 160). Finally, coaches should be well aware that every single one of their actions can have an impact, whether positive or negative, on their team. The children are looking up to the coaches as a leader and it is the coach’s job to be a good role model for them. In addition to coaches, parents should be well educated about how their actions can impact their children. Coaches should hold regular mandatory meetings with only parents and explain in detail what the season will entail, how the children are expected to behave, and most importantly, what the role of the parents should be. Also, if the parents are not able to attend these meetings, then the child should not be able to play. According to Engh, he has found this method of forced participation to be very effective in convincing the parents to attend these types of meetings (154). Children should also be informed that it is appropriate if they complain about a certain practice the coach is doing. The children should be encouraged and feel safe to talk about anything and everything with their parents who should in turn listen carefully for any signs of bad practice or abuse. Also, I think that implementing a confidential hotline to report abusive practices for each region could help reduce bad coaching practices. In conclusion, I think that competitive sports are a great way for kids to just have fun and enjoy their youth. However, it is important that sports stays fun for the children and not have overly enthusiastic parents or coaches who are willing to win at all costs ruin their fun. Even though there are many good reasons why competitive sports should be banned, there are equally valid reasons why competitive sports should be allowed. Finally, children originally started playing sports because they wanted a fun and enjoyable time with other kids. It is time that we returned the fun to the children playing sports and stop trying to impose adult standards on them. Cited Sources Boyse, Kyla. â€Å"Obesity and Overweight. † November 2004. University of Michigan Health Systems. 9 June 2005. Boyse, Kyla and Ellen Song. â€Å"Television. † July 2004. University of Michigan health Systems. 9 June 2005. Caballero, Jaraba, et al. â€Å"Effects of Physical Exercise on the Cardio Respiratory System of Children. † An Esp Pediatr April 1999:367-372. PubMed. Bellevue Community College Library Media Center. 9 June 2005. Engh, Fred. Why Johhny Hates Sports. New York: Avery. 1999 Heckler, Tim. â€Å"Competition Prepares Players for Life Beyond Sports. † February 1999. United States Professional Tennis Organization. 3 June 2005.

Global economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Martin Luther King Jr I have a dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Martin Luther King Jr I have a dream - Essay Example While his oratory skills are legendary, how did King establish credibility with this particular audience? By invoking Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation, he reminds the audience of its history and the promises still to be realized. He also discusses how the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence address the rights of every American, not just certain segments of the population. By doing so, he unites his audience with a common cause that reflects on every citizen. From the standpoint of establishing character, it is clear that he is passionate about the subject and pulls the audience in with both the poetry and practical approach of his words. He gains their respect by addressing the reasonable points of his argument and reminding them that change must be found on â€Å"the high plane of dignity and discipline.† The speech is very charismatic, evident by the way in which the audience responds to King’s words. Eye to eye with the audience, his command is powerful; it is indeed like a minister speaking to his congregation. As the speech progresses with greater energy and rhythm, the audience is engaged in an almost shared religious experience. King appeals to the audience both emotionally and intellectually. He tells them that the struggle for equality involves everyone. By reminding his audience that we are all bound together and referencing various parts of the country, he strengthens his argument. When he says â€Å"We cannot walk alone,† King is reinforcing a sense of community and faith in the goodness of Man. Therefore, he makes those that disagree seem divisive and beholden to the past. I believe his main point involves taking the lessons--and promises--of the past and using them to build a future that has no regard for the color of one’s skin. Speaking of hardships, unity and hope, he makes clear the urgency of his

Visual Anaylsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Visual Anaylsis - Essay Example During these processes, they ensure that their work has the necessary visual appeal and is effective rhetorically. This paper will lucidly analyze the provided two photos, in A and B, and come up with the author’s intended message. Part A In the photo, is a woman dressed elegantly in a white robe, a necklace, and golden bangles. She has a white cloth with golden spots all over it. On the right hand-side of the beautiful woman is a pot of fish. There is a black cat trying to het some fish out of the pot. The cat has white spots at the mouth regions. It uses its right forward limb in the attempt to extract fish from the pot. The pot has translucent feature exposing the fish inside to the viewers. The woman is gazing directly at the viewers, an implication that the camera angle was a large one allowing for the direct and non-oblique photography (Plett, 2004 p 88). According to her dressing code, jewelries, and posture, it is arguably true that the woman has sexy or romantic look. On the other hand, she portrays some innocence in her face. Moreover, the color of her dressing suggests another aspect of love. She has a golden shiny and attractive dress. Romance, in works of arts, is always considered or depicted through the wearing or putting on of attractive and colorful dressings such as orange, yellow, and golden, like in this case. Attraction in the clothing is boosted by the attractive look on the woman’s face. The direct gaze of the woman also suggests the act or the attribute of courageousness. The framing of the photograph allowed for the full exposure of the woman’s face, while hiding other parts, especially the legs. Most people consider facial expression and outlook before being driven by sexual desires towards the opposite genders (Redding, 1987 p29). It is, therefore, conclusive that the woman has a sexually attractive face that is suggestive to the opposite sex. The author of this photo has also portrayed his excellence in the appli cation of colors to communicate his messages to the people. To begin with, the background color in the photo is a mixture of red and black. Red is the most distributed in the photo. However, its visibility is hindered by the black color that submerged it. Red color, as stated earlier, has a symbolic meaning of love and romance (Needman, 1999 p 98). The idea of black or dark color covering it implies that the virtues of love in a given society are seriously interfered with. The fish in the pot have light red colors depicting another meaning in the photo. Red color, in artistry has two major symbolic meanings. First, it represents love as thematic concern of the photo author. Secondly, it is a color of blood, normally portraying danger, as a theme in literature. In this case, the fish in the pot are faced with the danger of death approaching them as the cat struggles to get its meal out of their bodies. The cat has a black color. Black, in works of art, depicts the theme of uncertaint y and unacceptable immoral behaviors in the society. Finally, the author has also used white color; the cat’s mouth has white coloration. Coloration, in works of arts, not only gives photos attractive and visible looks, they also enhance or facilitate the author’s thematic messages to the people. In this case, bright golden color serves the purpose of enhancing the theme of love or romance in the author’s society. The submerged red color does the same. Black color

Professional future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional future - Assignment Example In making application for the course I have discovered that there are set of laws which must be all followed to absorb into the course. One is that you have to be a registered nurse. Second is that you must be a practicing registered nursing student with a nursing degree. Thirdly, you must complete the CNRN certification application and paid a specific fee before submitting the copies to the concerned individuals. Individuals who attain this certification can work in a number of places, including hospitals, health care clinics, brain injury units and intensive rehabilitation unit (Carpenito & Fry, 2014). I will begin my course or individual study of my future career of being a registered Nuero-registered nurse sometimes during may next year. This will form one of my best moments in life as I will be sure that my dreams are coming true and this will be after my application for neuroscience nursing in an institution in Chicago (McKinney,

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Midterm - Essay Example Although it is clear that Abraham moved from Canaan, there is no historical evidence that he ended up in Egypt. Consequently, there is no archaeological evidence of Abraham’s exodus from Egypt. Efron, Weitzman, & Lehmann (58) report archaeological evidence to support that indeed David killed Goliath. A piece of pottery was discovered in early 2008 at a site where one of the cities of Israel was located south-west of Jerusalem and evidence from the writings found on the pottery indicates that David killed Goliath. The Assyrian conquest of Israel and Judah can equally be termed as a real historical event according to evidence from a clay prism that is currently displayed at Oriental Institute Museum of Chicago. The prism gives an account of Sennacerib’s invasion of Judah and confirms a similar account given in second Kings 18:13-15. On the prism, King Sennacerib accounts how King Hezekiah, fearing his greatness, sent him gold, silver, precious stones, ivory and even women from his palace. This archaeological evidence is proof that indeed the Assyrians attacked Israel and Judah. The main reason why scholars question the divine origins of the bible is the fact that its content does not reflect the events and attitudes of the periods they purport to describe (Efron, Weitzman, & Lehmann 61). Scholars point to the various events described in the bible which do not go in hand with the archaeological evidence been discovered. Scholars stress on the need to support the biblical text with an independent source. The text in Genesis, for instance, has not been supported by archaeological discoveries that indicate that the events in the book could have happened later. Archaeological evidence has further indicated that David and Solomon could have been minor rulers who ruled around Jerusalem rather than the whole of Israel as it is described in the bible. The early Israel was an oral society. Religious leaders taught through word of mouth.

Earned Value Management in Multi-Projects and Programmes Essay

Earned Value Management in Multi-Projects and Programmes - Essay Example The paper will analyse earned value management by discussing three major objectives. The first will be describing the most important factors that should be considered when monitoring and controlling programs and multi-projects. The other will be to explain the advantages of implementing Earned value management for these programs and multi-projects. Finally yet importantly will be to establish the significance of earned value management data accuracy. There are five major factors that are considered by an earned value management technique. The first is organisation: It involves creating a work breakdown structure (WBS). The WBS is supposed to detail down all activities, to describe the task to be carried out, and the relationship it has to the products that can be delivered (Humphreys & Visitacion, 2009). In organisation, there is also the OBS, which refers to the organization breakdown structure. It is responsible for identifying the person in charge of the work effort described by the WBS. Both the WBS and the OBS define a control account. It means that at this level is where the key management control point is found. Planning, budgeting, and scheduling makes up the second group that an earned value management considers. An integrated schedule is what creates the contractors map to meet their objectives in a program of multi-project they are responsible for (Humphreys & Visitacion, 2009). The schedule has to be loaded with resources so that it can determine an effective budget as scheduled. The total budget created for every task, control account, or the whole project is known as the budget at complete (BAC). Management reserve (MR) is a backup of the total project amount that is incorporated to take care of the uncertainties that may occur, such as risks. Work should only begin when a formal work authorization has been offered. The disciplined approach clearly defines

Doing Business in New Zealand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Enginering Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Assessment Questionnaire and Summary Essay Example for Free

Assessment Questionnaire and Summary Essay Business General Business You have been assigned the task of creating an assessment to measure the competency of caseworkers who are being considered for a position in your family counseling practice. Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Questionnaire form located on the student website. Complete the Questionnaire form by creating 10 questions, which you believe will determine the competencies of these caseworkers. Questions should address the following:  · Question(s) concerning the caseworker’s method for handling ethical issues.  · Questions(s) concerning the caseworker’s plan for staying current in their area of expertise and for receiving continuing education.  · Question(s) concerning the caseworker’s procedure for maintaining accurate and complete client records.  · A specific question or scenario that requires the caseworker to determine whether to abide by â€Å"duty to warn† or â€Å"duty to protect†. Complete the questionnaire as if you were applying for the position. Write a 350-to 500-word summary for your superior explaining why this person should be considered for the position in your family counseling practice. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Post the questionnaire and the summary as two separate documents to your assignment forum. Surely the advice youve just read has left you feeling more confident and better prepared to face college. If so, you certainly arent the only one. It is a popular thing for adults to return to school when their children get older. Do not be afraid. If you work hard, you will be a success in college.

Development of Internet Television Service

Development of Internet Television Service EXTENDED INTERNET USAGE 1. Introduction The first question that arises in our mind when we are talking about the internet is â€Å"What is Internet?†. So Internet is basically Network of computers that is connecting millions and millions of computers globally. Over the past 4 decades Internet has undergone a huge transformation from being used in academic research and moved into a broader platform of commercial usage. With each and every passing day Internet is turning into an indispensable and essential part of our life. With each and every step taken towards improvement of the internet every sphere of our life is directly getting affected; it is not only making our tasks much easier but also saving us a lot of time 2. Uses Of Internet 1. Communication (Fig-1): It is one best things that internet has introduced worldwide. It is very easy nowadays to communicate with people who are living very far away from us with ease. Earlier it was a very difficult task to accomplish; now we can directly chat with people very easily. Video Conferencing is making it easier for people actually see each other while talking. Fig-1 (Communication) Fig-2 (Research) 2. Research (Fig-2):Few decades whenever we had to do some research we had through hundreds of books to find something which is of relevance. Since internet came into being we can say that â€Å"everything is just a click away†. We can easily search our topic using several search engines available to us using internet thus saving us a lot of time. 3. Education (Fig-3): There are books, reference books, study materials, Web-help centers are available online which makes education an easy and interesting experience. Websites are available that can help you gain knowledge about everything without taking the help of any other individual. There are tutorials and even test series available in the internet so that one can test this knowledge. Fig-3 (Education) Fig-4 (Financial Transaction) 4. Financial Transactions (Fig-4): With the use of internet Financial transactions a have become a much easier task as it was few years ago. Now instead of physically being present in the bank, we can directly log into the bank website and with the help of the provided authentication documents by the bank. Once we are inside our account we can do any transaction at our will. We can also do fixed deposits and Guaranteed investment Schemes directly through our online account 5. Real time updated (Fig-5): Any kind of news updated or any other happening or decision taken in once part of the world is available to us real time using the internet. There are websites available online through which we can actually get updates about almost every field be it business, finance, sports, entertainment, politics, Railways and airplane tracking. Fig-5(Real time Updates) Fig-6(Leisure) 6. Leisure (Fig-6): From watching videos to listening to your favorite music, watching movies, playing games, chatting with friends and family; all these leisure activities we do in our free time are with the use of internet only. Whenever we get time we prefer doing activities in the internet which would help us relax. Internet is something which can help us freshen up our mood in few minutes. 7. Online booking (Fig-7): Online booking of airplane tickets, movie tickets, railway tickets are not only hassle free but also easier task to accomplish. Instead to standing in a queue for hours we can now directly book tickets through the internet using desired website. Thus, making this process a less tedious and more reliable job. Fig-7 (Online Booking) Fig-8 (Job Search) 8. Job Search (Fig-8): There are countless number of websites available in the internet that gives us the information about vacancies in various companies. Even online application for the positions available. Job portal websites once anyone gets registered with them they will send you mails mentioning openings as per choice. 9. Blogging (Fig-9): People nowadays are interested in writing blogs. They have the option of publicize their work and it can reach people who as looking for a similar topic to discuss about. There are a lot of website available which can be used to write a blog, only registration with the website is required. Really good blog writers are sometimes contacted by big organization to write a blog about them. Moreover using Google AdSense money can also be earned on per click basis. Fig-9 (Blogging)  Fig-10 (Shopping) 10. Shopping (Fig-10): Online shopping has become one of the most attractive thing to do in the internet. People don’t have to leave their home just open some websites, Browse through the website and order their desirable product. One of the advantages of online shopping is that everything is available in each and every website. The product is directly delivered to your home. Product can also be returned back to the vendor if it not of good quality. 3. Extended Internet Usage Now as we have seen some basic uses of the internet. Let us discuss some more advanced uses. Even though there many additional uses of internet but we are going discuss about 4 main topics in this research paper. IPTV: Internet protocol Television(IPTV) is an assembly in which Television services are distributed over an IP network in a digitized form. So we can say that it uses the existing broadband network to deliver us a TV service which is more reliable, efficient and data is 100% digital, thus improving the overall quality over an analogue TV VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol(VOIP) is a system in which voice conversation can be conveyed over the IP network. The end user in a VOIP network has the authority to make telephone calls over the Broadband network. The Network used in such type of connections can be through the internet which makes it global or Intranet which makes it local the Inside Network of the company. Cloud Computing: Cloud Computing is a process in which data is stored in a Large centralized server or data storage unit. Thus providing an online access to the stored data as per requirement of the end user. The data stored in the cloud not only is shared my multiple users at the same time but also can be reallocated as per demand of the end user. Thus reducing the storage, power and space of data by using the same data for multiple users. MIRACAST: Miracast is basically a HDMI based dongle which is used for live streaming of Video and Audio channel without using an Access point. So a device which uses a point to point network technology which allows different devices to connect to each other using Wi-fi direct thus allowing them to share live streamed data. Now we will have an in-depth discussion of each and every topic separately discussing about their architecture, functioning, advantages etc. 4. IPTV 4.1 Introduction IPTV is basically an internet based television service which uses networking and architecture methods of the IP system over a Packet switching network structure. IPTV has 3 main groups in which it can be classified Live Television Time-Shift Program Video on Demand IPTV uses a set-top box which uses a broadband IP data network to access channels, subscription services and other multimedia services over and safe and end to end network. IPTV services are sometimes bundled with internet access and VOIP services altogether over the same infrastructure. IPTV is not as simple as someone watching a video over the internet. IPTV connection to home provided by telecom companies uses optical fiber and digital subscriber lines (DSL) to set up a link towards a housing compound. For Cable operators they use a hybrid fiber co-axial (HFC) cable to provide a broadband connection to the subscriber. IPTV incorporates the procurement, processing and safe delivery of all video content over an IP based Setup. The service provider uses various other service providers like satellite TV carriers, cable TV carriers, Telephone companies and private network operators to bundle up a single service which is provided to the end user. Figure. 11 shows the basic block diagram for a simplified IPTV system      Fig-11(Simplified IPTV network) 4.2 Features of IPTV There are some notable features of IPTV listed below Interactive TV: Rather than providing a half-duplex connection of the rudimentary cable TV connection, IPTV delivers us a two-way connection thus providing us an interactive TV packaged with services like High definition TV(HDTV),interactive games, learning programs, High speed internet browsing many more. Time Shift: IPTV when bundled with a digital video recorder (DVR) provides the end user the capability to record programs as per his choice. Thus providing him an option to time shifting of programming content. There are service providers who provide 7 days’ worth of data to be recorded in the DVR. Personalization: Due to a full-duplex bi-directional connection between the service provider and the end user, personalization option of the set-top box is available. The user can personalize what to watch, when to watch as per his comfort. Low Bandwidth Requirement: IPTV technology allows the service provider to stream only one channel which the end user has demanded rather than delivering each and every channel subscribed by the user Thus allowing the service provider to conserve bandwidth and reducing cost. Accessible to Multiple Devices: End user have the option of using their mobile, computers laptops to access the IPTV services instead of using television. 4.3 Architecture of IPTV The diagram (Fig-12) given below shows us the architecture of IPTV Fig- 12-IPTV System Architecture The functional blocks of IPTV architecture is given below Super Head End: The channels from the national broadcasters enter the IPTV network from here. The content here is processed, prepared and stored for transmission. Core Network: IP/MPLS Network technologies are used for transporting the traffic and to gain access to the network. Access Network: IPTV data streams are distributed to the DSLAMs Regional Head End: All the area specific local content is added to the network here. End User Premises: This is the termination point for the IPTV data stream. All Data is viewed at the customer end here. One super head available in the network can be used to serve millions of customers in the network by processing the video channels common to end users across the whole area. The IPTV delivery system is constructed in such a way that it can cover a large expanse of territory over the hierarchy of structure built to deliver the video content. Offices are located in each territory which are specially constructed to handle area specific local program and channels. 4.4 IPTV Networking Technologies The diagram (Fig-13) shows the structure of IPTV and Standardization bodies Fig-13 (IPTV Activities standardization bodies) DLNA: Digital Living Network Alliance is used for setting up the home network. HGI: Home Gateway Initiative sets up the standard adjoining the gateway between end user home network and broadband connection ISMA: Internet Streaming Media Alliance sets up the broadcast of the AVC video over IP. DSL Forum: Digital Subscriber Line is used for remote-management of residential gateways and set-top boxes. ITU: International Telecommunication Union standardizes the Distribution and access network architecture. ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute standardizes the IP network used for transmission of the IPTV. ATIS: Automatic Terminal Information Service is standardizing the end to end IPTV architecture including contribution and distribution 4.5 Advantages of IPTV The signals which are used IPTV service s are 100% digital signals so better quality and easier to propagate. IPTV works on the existing internet connection, So if there is an available internet connection only the set-top box is needed to be installed and IPTV services can be used. IPTV services doesn’t require any kind of wires to get its signal. So a wireless system reduces the overhead of wires and wear tear of the wires with time. Programs can be stored in servers and can be viewed in accordance to the will of the end user thus providing flexibility. 5. VOIP 5.1 Introduction VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a process of communication in which the user can make telephone calls over the IP network. To transmit voice Signals/Conversation over the existing Data network (Wireless/Broadband) using Internet protocol VOIP is used. VOIP technology can be used over the internet as well as over the local intranet for communication within the company or special private network which are used specially for long distance calls.

Hierarchy Of Effects Model

Hierarchy Of Effects Model Advertising is a form of communication used to persuade an audience to take some action with respect to products, ideas, or services. The desired result is usually to drive consumer behavior with respect to an organizational goal commonly to increase awareness or sales. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various media; including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, outdoor or direct mail; or new media such as websites and text messages. In shorter terms, advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media. However not all advertising are successful and those that fail are mainly due to the lack of communication or failure to establish the desired messages to the audiences. In order for an advertising campaign to be successful, there are several implementations based on advertising theories which can help communication to occur effectively with the audience. Hierarchy-of-Effects Model Among advertising theories, the hierarchy-of-effects model is predominant. It shows clear steps of how advertising works.Hierarchy of effects Model can be explained with the help of a pyramid. First the lower level objectives such as awareness, knowledge or comprehension are accomplished. Subsequent objectives may focus on moving prospects to higher levels in the pyramid to elicit desired behavioral responses such as associating feelings with the brand, trial, or regular use etc. it is easier to accomplish ad objectives located at the base of the pyramid than the ones towards the top. The percentage of prospective customers will decline as they move up the pyramid towards more action oriented objectives, such as regular brand use. Awareness: If most of the target audience is unaware of the object, the communicators task is to build awareness, perhaps just name recognition, with simple messages repeating the product name. Consumers must become aware of the brand. This isnt as straightforward as it seems. Capturing someones attention doesnt mean they will notice the brand name. Thus, the brand name needs to be made focal to get consumers to become aware. Magazines are full of ads that will capture your attention, but youll have trouble easily seeing the brand name. Knowledge: The target audience might have product awareness but not know much more; hence this stage involves creating brand knowledge. This is where comprehension of the brand name and what it stands for become important. What are the brands specific appeals, its benefits? In what way is it different than competitors brands? Who is the target market? These are the types of questions that must be answered if consumers are to achieve the step of brand knowledge. Liking: If target members know the product, how do they feel about it? If the audience looks unfavourably towards the product to communicator has to find out why. If the unfavorable view is based on real problems, a communication campaigns alone cannot do the job. For product problem it is necessary to first fix the problem and only then can you communicate its renewed quality. Preference: The target audience might like the product but not prefer it to others. In this case, the communicator must try to build consumer preference by promoting quality, value, performance and other features. The communicator can check the campaigns success by measuring audience preference before and after the campaign. Conviction: A target audience might prefer a particular product but not develop a conviction about buying it. The communicators job is to build conviction among the target audience. Purchase: Finally, some members of the target audience might have conviction but not quite get around to making the purchase. They may wait for more information or plan to act later. The communicator must need these consumers to take the final step, perhaps by offering the product at a low price, offering a premium, or letting consumers tried out. This is where consumers make a move to actually search out information or purchase. Thus advertising is thought to work and follow a certain sequence whereby the prospect is moved through a series of stages in succession from unawareness to the purchase of the product. Advertising cannot induce immediate behavioural response, rather a series of mental effects must occur with the fulfillment at each stage before progress to the next stage is possible. 3ALIENCE IN OUR SENSE IS ABOUT THE BRAND COMING TO MIND IN PERSONALLY RELEVANT CHOICE SITUATIONS 2OMANIUK AND 3HARP B 4HE BRAND HAS BECOME PART OF ONE S BROAD CONSIDERATION SET A BRAND THAT ONE MIGHT BUY OR USE n EITHER NOW OR IN YEARS AHEAD 4HIS GOES WELL BEYOND TRADITIONAL AWARENESS OR EVEN THE strength OF SUCH AWARENESS E G lRST RECALL 3ALIENCE CONCERNS THE @SIZE OF THE BRAND IN ONE S MIND 2OMANIUK AND 3HARP B I E ALL THE MEMORY STRUC TURES WHICH CAN ALLOW THE BRAND TO COME FORWARD FOR THE WIDE RANGE OF RECALL CUES THAT CAN OCCUR IN PURCHASE OCCASIONS 7ITH THIS @SHARE OF MIND COME FEELINGS OF BEING FAMILIAR AND FEELINGS OF ASSUR ANCE h9ES ) VE HEARD OF IT )T SHOULD BE ALL RIGHT v 4HAT IS OUR BROAD DESIGNATION OF h3ALIENCEv n AWARENESS AND MEMORY TRACES PLUS FAMILIARITY PLUS ASSURANCE -ORAN IN HIS SEMINAL PAPER AL READY STRESSED THE ROLE OF A BRAND S h0RES ENCEv 3IMILARLY BULLMORES fAME(2002) IS A COLOURFUL WAY OF REmECTING SA LIENCE UT IT OVERSTATES THE ROLE OF BIG BRANDS n SUCCESSFUL SMALL BRANDS CAN STILL BE SALIENT FOR THOSE WHO USE OR CONSIDER THEM BUT HARDLY famous Digital advertising Television advertising / Music in advertising The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, as is reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events. The annual Super Bowl football game in the United States is known as the most prominent advertising event on television. The average cost of a single thirty-second TV spot during this game has reached US$3 million (as of 2009). The majority of television commercials feature a song or jingle that listeners soon relate to the product. Virtual advertisements may be inserted into regular television programming through computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops[9] or used to replace local billboards that are not relevant to the remote broadcast audience.[10] More controversially, virtual billboards may be inserted into the background[11] where none exist in real-life. This technique is especially used in televised sporting events.[12][13] Virtual product placement is also possible.[14][15] Infomercials: An infomercial is a long-format television commercial, typically five minutes or longer. The word infomercial combining the words information commercial. The main objective in an infomercial is to create an impulse purchase, so that the consumer sees the presentation and then immediately buys the product through the advertised toll-free telephone number or website. Infomercials describe, display, and often demonstrate products and their features, and commonly have testimonials from consumers and industry professionals. Radio advertising Radio advertising is a form of advertising via the medium of radio. Radio advertisements are broadcast as radio waves to the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. Airtime is purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the commercials. While radio has the limitation of being restricted to sound, proponents of radio advertising often cite this as an advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found not only on air, but also online. According to Arbitron, radio has approximately 241.6 million weekly listeners, or more than 93 percent of the U.S. population. Online advertising Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads that appear on search engine results pages, banner ads, in text ads, Rich Media Ads, Social network advertising, online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam. Product placements Covert advertising, also known as guerrilla advertising, is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruises character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them classics, because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, VAIO, BMW and Aston Martin cars are featured in recent James Bond films, most notably Casino Royale. In Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, the main transport vehicle shows a large Dodge logo on the front. Blade Runner includes some of the most obvious product placement; the whole film stops to show a Coca-Cola billboard. Physical advertising Press advertising Press advertising describes advertising in a printed medium such as a newspaper, magazine, or trade journal. This encompasses everything from media with a very broad readership base, such as a major national newspaper or magazine, to more narrowly targeted media such as local newspapers and trade journals on very specialized topics. A form of press advertising is classified advertising, which allows private individuals or companies to purchase a small, narrowly targeted ad for a low fee advertising a product or service. Another form of press advertising is the Display Ad, which is a larger ad (can include art) that typically run in an article section of a newspaper. Billboard advertising: Billboards are large structures located in public places which display advertisements to passing pedestrians and motorists. Most often, they are located on main roads with a large amount of passing motor and pedestrian traffic; however, they can be placed in any location with large amounts of viewers, such as on mass transit vehicles and in stations, in shopping malls or office buildings, and in stadiums. The RedEye newspaper advertised to its target market at North Avenue Beach with a sailboat billboard on Lake Michigan. Mobile billboard advertising Mobile billboards are generally vehicle mounted billboards or digital screens. These can be on dedicated vehicles built solely for carrying advertisements along routes preselected by clients, they can also be specially equipped cargo trucks or, in some cases, large banners strewn from planes. The billboards are often lighted; some being backlit, and others employing spotlights. Some billboard displays are static, while others change; for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set of advertisements. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including: Target advertising, One-day, and long-term campaigns, Conventions, Sporting events, Store openings and similar promotional events, and Big advertisements from smaller companies. In-store advertising In-store advertising is any advertisement placed in a retail store. It includes placement of a product in visible locations in a store, such as at eye level, at the ends of aisles and near checkout counters, eye-catching displays promoting a specific product, and advertisements in such places as shopping carts and in-store video displays. Coffee cup advertising Coffee cup advertising is any advertisement placed upon a coffee cup that is distributed out of an office, cafà ©, or drive-through coffee shop. This form of advertising was first popularized in Australia, and has begun growing in popularity in the United States, India, and parts of the Middle East.[citation needed] Street advertising This type of advertising first came to prominence in the UK by Street Advertising Services to create outdoor advertising on street furniture and pavements. Working with products such as Reverse Graffiti and 3d pavement advertising, the media became an affordable and effective tool for getting brand messages out into public spaces. Celebrity branding This type of advertising focuses upon using celebrity power, fame, money, popularity to gain recognition for their products and promote specific stores or products. Advertisers often advertise their products, for example, when celebrities share their favorite products or wear clothes by specific brands or designers. Celebrities are often involved in advertising campaigns such as television or print adverts to advertise specific or general products. The use of celebrities to endorse a brand can have its downsides, however. One mistake by a celebrity can be detrimental to the public relations of a brand. For example, following his performance of eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, swimmer Michael Phelps contract with Kelloggs was terminated, as Kelloggs did not want to associate with him after he was photographed smoking marijuana.

The teaching profession :: essays research papers

Being a Teacher Although teaching, from the outside looking in, appears simpler than it actually is, there are many challenges a teacher faces throughout his or her career. Despite these difficulties, there are also many rewards. As I consider this field for my future career, I will discover some of the most important aspects, such as the beginnings of teaching, how the profession has evolved and where teaching is headed in the future. Also it is important to note the availability of jobs and education you must acquire before becoming a certified teacher. Since the beginning of time, teachers have covered the earth. In the earlier years, informal teachers, parents, who taught their children about the world. The early mothers and fathers also taught their children how to survive, a means of getting food, and which pathways to avoid. Of course, informal teachers to this day, aren't paid anything but are only awarded the satisfaction of raising a human being. Next in the order of educational institutions came the one room school house. Teachers of 1872 were required to complete certain tasks before the day's session. The teacher, after arriving in the morning, was required to fill lamps and clean the chimney, in addition to building a fire. Their duties weren't terribly taxing. However the limitation that were put on their social life seem a bit unusual, compared to today's standards. For instance, a male teacher could devote one night a week to courting a lady, two if he attended church regularly. Wemen who got married or "engaged in unseemly conduct" were dismissed. After the teacher spent ten hours on studies, they were required to read the Bible or other good books. Teachers were required to set aside large amounts of their pay so that after they retired, the wouldn't become a "burden on society." Teachers were never allowed to drink, smoke, go to pools, public halls, or revceive a shave in barber shop. If the teachers abided by all these outrageous rules, they were eligible for a .25 cents, a week raise, with the approval of the Board of Education. (www.columiagorge.com) One such case was that of Marilyn Callen, born in Nebraska, who always knew she wanted to be an educator. After two years of college, she began teaching at the local two room school house in the country. Her first year was 1937. Marilyn was only 25 when she began. She taught grades

A Child Called Essay -- Essays Papers

A Child Called Amelia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. She was the daughter of a railroad attorney and had a younger sister named Muriel. Amelia was a tomboy and was always interested in learning. She was educated at Columbia University and Harvard Summer School. She taught English to immigrant factory workers. During World War I, Amelia was a volunteer in a Red Cross hospital. Amelia heard of a woman pilot, Neta Snook, who gave flying lessons. She had her first lesson on January 2, 1921. On July 24, 1921, Amelia bought her first plane, a prototype of the Kinner airplane and named it â€Å"The Canary.† In 1928, she accepted the invitation of the American pilots Wilmer Stultzman and Louis Gordon to join them on a transatlantic flight, becoming the first woman to make the crossing by air She described the flight in a book she wrote, 20 Hours. 40 Minutes. After that flight, Amelia made a career of flying. Aviation was a new concept and the industry looked for ways to improve its image. In 1921, Amelia was appointed Assistant to the General Traffic Manager and Transcontinental Air Transport (TWA) with a special responsibility of attracting women passengers. Amelia organized a cross-country air race for women pilots in 1929, the Los Angeles to Cleveland Women’s Air Derby, later called the â€Å"Powder Puff Derby.† Amelia placed third in this race. After the race, Amelia had a meeting in her hotel room in Cleveland with other women pilots. She formed a women’s pilot organization called the â€Å"Ninety-Nines† because of the ninety-nine applicants. She served as the organization’s first president. Amelia continued to work for TWA and was writing regular articles for Cosmopolitan and other magazines, and had speaking engagements in many cities across the country. In 1930, she broke several women’s speed records in her Lockheed Vega aircraft. In 1931, she wrote a book about those exciting experiences called The Fun of It. By early 1932, no other person had successfully flown solo across the Atlantic Ocean since Charles Lindbergh. Amelia decided she would be the first woman to fly solo over the Atlantic. She would not duplicate Lindbergh’s course, but would fly from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and the British Isles would be her destination. On May 20, 1932, exactly five years a... ...nconfirmed sightings have been reported and there are many theories of their fate. Some of those theories are that Amelia was a on a spy mission authorized by President Roosevelt and was captured; that she purposely dove her aircraft into the Pacific; they were captured by the Japanese, Noonan was executed and Earhart was forced to broadcast to the American GI’s as â€Å"Tokyo Rose† during World War II; and another theory is that Amelia lived for years on an island in the South Pacific with a native fisherman. In 1961 it was thought that the bones of Earhart and Noonan had been found on the island of Saipan, but they turned out to be those of Saipan natives. In 1992, a search party reported finding remnants of the Electra at Nikumaroro, Kiribati, but those claims were disputed by people who worked on Earhart’s plane. Researches believe that the plane ran out of fuel and that Earhart and Noonan died at sea. Amelia Earhart spent most of her lifetime establishing the permanent role of women in aviation. She became an international heroine overnight as the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. Amelia’s disappearance is still a mystery, but her enduring legacy remains.

Humorous Wedding Roast by the Best Man Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts

Humorous Wedding Roast by the Best Man Good afternoon Ladies and Gentlemen - My name is Ron and I’m Allen’s best man. Well, I’m the best he could find anyway. But all things considered, I feel that I’ve done my duty well so far today. I delivered a sober groom to the church on time – well, he was definitely on time! I provided the rings on cue, and as I give this speech now, I don’t think I’m going to offend or embarrass anyone. But to ensure this last part, I better keep things fairly short - and I know Allen’s itching to get to the bar. Allen is a social type you see - he likes to have a laugh, a few drinks and a dance. And he’s particularly good at the drinking part, his catchphrase being 'WHOSE ROUND IS IT?' or 'GET TO THE BAR!’ He’d be a good dancer as well if it weren’t ...

Compare and contrast Blake’s ‘London’ to Wordsworth ‘composed upon Westminster Bridge’ Essay

Both these poems were written at around the turn of the 19th century, in Georgian times, to illustrate the authors’ views on the City of London. At this time, the industrial revolution was underway and there was vast growth in the population, due to medical advances and people having more children. In my opinion, they are both mocking the City and its inhabitants. Both Poems use their structure to emphasise the words in them. William Blake’s ‘London’ is written in four, four line stanzas. Each line of each verse has the same number of syllables; this creates a regimented, almost mechanical effect. It uses alternate line rhyming to make the poem sound regular. This system also emphasises the last word of each line. Each verse of the Blake poem attacks a different aspect of London. It is clear that Blake found London a very corrupt and immoral place, providing a very bleak picture of the city. Whereas in contrast Wordsworth’s poem is written in the form of an Italian sonnet, of which describes the man made elements of the city, the last sextet refers to natural beauty. This poem also uses alternate line rhyming to create the effect of order. Bringing attention to emphasizes the meaning of the rhyming words. Both poets use different symbolism to convey their ideas to the reader. Wordsworth shows his feelings for London in a figurative way. He personifies the sun, river and the city. He allows them to perform human functions such as wearing clothes. He continues this simile giving the river ‘a will’, something which is unique to people. He says ‘The City now doth like a garment wear the beauty of the morning’. This gives the impression that the city is alive, not just an inanimate collection of buildings. I interpret this personification to mean that the city takes the beauty of the morning to disguise it dirtiness and ugliness. William Blake’s poem conveys his feelings in a more abstract style, when he uses the people and buildings of London to represent the institutions, which they are associated with. He uses the image of a church to criticise religious establishments and a palace to signify the state, and authorities that control it. He gives the image of the soldier’s sigh running in blood down palace walls. Here he is attacking the monarchy and government for condemning young men to death by sending them off to fight in foreign wars. Many of the words in Blake’s poem have more than one meaning. In the first line he talks of London’s ‘charter’d’ streets. Chartered can be interpreted to mean responsibility of the church or state or licensed; on the other side of the coin it can be use to mean licentious and freely immoral. Taken in context with the rest of the poem I consider it to mean freely immoral as further on in the poem he alludes to prostitution, and other such corrupt activities. According to traditional reading the picture of London we see in Wordsworth’s poem is an exaggerated tribute to the beauty of London. It uses imagery and praises both nature and mans achievements. It immediately sets out how the author feels in the first line saying ‘Dull would he be of soul who could pass by, a sight so touching in its majesty.’ Inferring that the sight of London would evoke strong views in everyone who sees it. It is left up to the reader to decide whether this is a compliment or a criticism. Wordsworth’s most famous works allude to the beauty of his beloved lake district. So it is not to imagine he would be shocked and repulsed by London. Wordsworth’s poem describes London as ‘glittering in the smokeless air’ and having a calming aura. These statements, I think prove that the words are sarcastic. At the time they were written the Industrial was happening and the chimneys of London would be belching out thick smoke. Also to describe London as calming is, in my opinion a blatant lie. London is the heart of the United Kingdom, a port and an important centre of commerce. It is near impossible for us to imagine it as ‘calm’ even in ‘The beauty of the morning;’ In contrast to this the Blake poem uses hyperbole to criticize London and the sadness and malice of the people who live there. Blake’s London brutally painted is a dark, dirty, disease ridden and deprived place Unlike the Wordsworth poem it leaves you in no doubt as to the authors feelings on the subject. In the last verse of the Blake poem there is a theme of sexually transmitted disease, leading to the end of society. This is most apparent in the last verse. It describes the ‘youthful harlots curse’ blasting the newborn infant. This is showing that the venereal disease affects everyone because of the promiscuity of the people in the society. The last line uses the image of a marriage hearse being blighted by sexually transmitted disease. Marriage is supposed to be a happy occasion though here it is shown to be an institution that carries people to their deathbeds. This is because marriage is usually seen as an appropriate setting for sexual intercourse, which spreads the diseases when infidelity is rife. Which are hinted to lead to the end of civilization. The Wordsworth poem is slightly less melodramatic in its outlook as it merely describes London at one moment in the morning. It has nothing in it that could be interpreted as relating to London’s people or what the future holds for them. The Wordsworth poem is made more charged in the penultimate line where he says ‘Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;’ He is so overwhelmed by the tranquillity of London that he feels the need to invoke gods name. In contrast nowhere in the Blake poem does he use direct speech to heighten any of the emotions. Both these poems, in my opinion, share feelings of concern and disgust for London. If I had to pick which one I preferred I would choose the Blake poem. This is because the meaning of the words is more clear-cut. I accept that the point of the Wordsworth poem may be to leave it up to the reader to decide whether or not the poem is sarcastic or not. But I don’t consider this device to be particularly effective; thought irritating maybe but not effective. The Blake poem is also more emotional and melodramatic.

Mobile Phones for University Students Essay

Nowadays modern technology is developing so rapidly that people can hardly catch up with its pace. There is no doubt that mobile phones, as a new industry of modern technology, have got into people’s life. As sensitive reflectors of information and fashion, more and more mobile phone users have appeared in the campus everywhere. While some students are enjoying whatever mobile phones have brought to us, there are others who stand against it. This essay will explain the possible effects of mobile phone use on university students, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks. The main benefits of mobile phones in university are as follows. Firstly, there is no denying the fact that mobile phones have made campus life more convenient. A recent survey found that mobile phones are becoming part of university life and 99. 7% of students use their own mobile phones to communicate with others (Ransford, 2009). As it can be seen, mobile phones provide students with a fast and convenient way of communication, such as getting in touch with schoolmates and hunting for jobs, which was previously unimaginable. Secondly, instead of going to the PC lab and finding computers to look for news on current events, students can use mobile-network to search the Internet. It is by this means that university students can broaden their horizon and enrich their minds. Lastly, with the help of mobile phones, students can do work more efficiently. Many students in university treat mobile phones as electronic dictionary and chart with teachers for academic purpose. They share useful information related to their lessons and solve academic problems sometimes. In this way, mobile phones not only can save our time and energy but also help with our study. However, the negative effects are also obvious. Above all, more and more university students are indulged in Java QQ and online games, which make them weak in study. Moreover, some even use mobile phones to cheat in the examinations. It has been reported that almost 80% university students use Java QQ constantly and more than half of them are in favor of it. Only less than 1/3 of them comment that it is bad to our health and study if students spend too much time on Java QQ and online games. Some students even spend a whole day playing with their mobile phones and send thousands of short messages every day. If they do not use Java QQ a day, they will feel anxious (Yang, 2009). In other words, some university students have regarded playing with mobile phones as a kind of habit and fashion. In the second place, some students often make comparison of others’ mobile phones. They always want to own an attractive and high-grade one. Consequently, it costs them too much money and energy to buy a new style in order to gratify their vanity. Finally, mobile phones in university also bring some health risks, both physical and mental, if not properly used. It has been highlighted the fact that some pornographic video and photos of two U.  S. high school girls was spread so rapidly that even police were hard to stop them. In addition, District Attorney James B. Martin said that at least 40 Parkland High School students believed to have received the pornographic images (Rubinkam, 2008). It is really harmful to university students’ future development, especially those are immature. In conclusion, everything has its advantages and disadvantages, and mobile phone is no exception. On the one hand, using mobile phones in university can help students communicate with each other more convenient, have rich knowledge and study more efficiently. On the other hand, mobile phones can also have bad influence on learning; encourage students’ vanities as well as mental injury. In my point of view, therefore, there are three solutions which can solve this problem. Firstly the university authority should intensify publicity and education. Secondly coercive measures can be put into effect, such as shielding the mobile phones in classrooms and libraries. Lastly university students should promote themselves and fight temptation. A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of mobile phones.

Hospital Emergency Room Overload Essay

As the name implies, the purpose of hospital emergency rooms is to provide quick and expert medical treatment for urgent and life threatening medical problems. The truth of the matter is that patients seek the ER for a variety of illnesses and injuries. They can range from catastrophic to as minor as a young child running his/her first fever. The downfall to this is that those patients who are truly not suffering from life threatening situations are taking away from those that are. Overcrowding results in longer waiting times to see a physician. Overcrowding also may contribute to decreased protection of a person’s privacy and confidentiality and impaired patient evaluation and treatment. According to an article written by Julie Rovner, she states that, â€Å"97% of ER doctors also said they treat patients daily who have private insurance and primary care doctors, but whose primary care doctors sent them to the emergency room for care due to the patient needing care when the doctor’s office was closed† (Rovner, 2011). Overcrowding has also been linked to more deaths in the emergency room than in the past. One reason is hospitals having to close their doors and rerouting ambulances to other hospitals because their ER is full. Nevertheless, there may be solutions to this ever growing problem. Hospitals can take cost-saving measures to help alleviate the overcrowding issue. They can move stable and non-emergency care patients to less expensive settings such as an observation area or walk-in center staffed by nurses. Creating more after hours urgent care centers where patients can be seen for non-urgent or life or death situations. Providing appropriate clinic facilities and care for patients without insurance. Providing physicians with incentives for accepting Medicare and Medicaid new patients will also alleviate the overcrowding issue. Even though any of these measures could help with overcrowding, and with the Affordable Health Care Act being deemed constitutional, providers don’t see overcrowding in the ER slowing down. Due to the constraints of the U.S. health care system, ER care for patientswith non-urgent conditions will continue and probably increase with the onset of the new health care reform. ACEP President David Seaberg said in a statement in July 2012 that, â€Å"Increasing the number of patients on Medicaid without an equivalent increase in the number of physicians willing to take that insurance will surely increase the flood of patients into our nation’s ERs. Coverage does not equal access† (Cheung-Larivee, 2012). In conclusion, a number of different solutions need to be considered and applied. Solving the ER problem is going to involve healthcare workers, business leaders, politicians and the public. References Cheung-Larivee, K. (2012, July 6). Health Reform Ruling won’t Solve Emergency Room Overcrowding. Retrieved September 15, 2013, from Fierce Health Care: http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/story/health-reform-ruling-wont-solve-emergency-room-overcrowding/2012-07-06 Rovner, J. (2011, April 28). ER Doctors Say Health Law Will Make ER Crowding Worse. Retrieved September 14, 2013, from Health News from NPR: http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2011/04/28/135800784/emergency-room-doctors-say-health-law-will-make-er-crowding-worse

Islamic Studies

ISLAMIC STUDIES Topic:- Islamic Principle Of business And Marketing & Present Business Evils GROUP MEMBERS:- Nauman Mushtaq Raja Hammad Ahmed kiani Farhad Shareef Shamsher Ali Daniyal Haider The teaching of Islam describe that Islam is a complete code of life. Since we talking about business and marketing therefore Islam give brief explanation about it. From the Islamic point of Islamic the first priority of business should be pleasing Allah and establishing Halal as a way of life. Seeking profit is not a bad aim, but it should be secondary.By making Allah the goal, and implementing Islamic rules of honesty, truthfulness, and good behavior with customers, Insha Allah, any Muslim business is bound to boom. Following are the characteristic that should need to present in Islamic business and marketing:- (1)Honesty (2)Trust (3)Fair and Kind (4)Truthfulness (5)Justice HONESTY IN BUSINESS The Holy prophet (pbuh) was declared not only Sadiq and Amin but he was an honest business man. This i s proved by Hazrat Khadija who was richest lady of Makkah. She gave a few things to sell and she sends her servant with him.But Holy Prophet (pbuh) proved his honesty brilliantly. Honesty is needed in everything we do. From the domestic work of daily routine or office work to studies, honesty makes the real difference. Honesty makes it easy for us to survive because an honest person is truthful and such a person does not fell into any trouble. The sad fact of the present day is the lack of honesty in people. Lies, and dishonesty has become standard in everyday matters and it is a common perception that no one can get rid of them now.This point of view is wrong, why cannot we live like honest humans? If one thinks that honesty cannot be achieved or truthfulness is a dream now this is wrong, just by practicing Islam truly in its true spirit we can achieve all this without devising any special plans or any complex system of morals. The world today is a big business hub, i. e. it is a b usiness market now. There are some main stock exchanges that control the money inflow and out flow of the world for example, wall street etc. these stock exchanges are actually business centers where whole world trades.Unfortunately, with the Jewish intervention in the business and introduction of riba in business, there has left no honesty and no halal money in the business any more. The best examples of the honesty in business are the prophets of Islam. From Quran we learn that prophet Yusuf a. s. used to look after the financial matters of the state as His own choice. That’s why It is called that honesty is the best policy, indeed honesty is the best policy. When a business man is honest, he will never sell a low quality product and will never earn unjustified profit.Thus, an honest business man will be God fearing and will never ever dodge his customers over the selling. An honest business man will never like to go for unjust means to increase his earnings neither will he ever like to give bribes or accept bribes thus with honesty in business, the curses of bribery and riba can be shunned. Hazrat abu bakar siddique r. a was one of the best and honest business men of Arabia. He was very rich and his financial as well as moral help was appreciated by Muhammad s. a. w. w as well. He was much honored in his region because he was honest in business.There are several examples in the Muslim world who did not only do business honestly but also earned much more than those who like to earn black money. In honest business ALLAH gives His blessings, thus honesty indeed is the best policy. The Prophet has said the honest and truthful businessman will be in Jannah amongst the Prophets the Truthful and the martyrs. Honesty and truthfulness are essential in this business. And when it comes to Muslim businesses, it means building a relationship of trust with customers, which cannot be done with lies and eceit. The Holy Quran already explains the factor of honesty in business and in every matter of life. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) has a great business skill due to which he was offered marriage. But unfortunately our current business values have been changing day by day. Our environment is lacking in honesty. For having a good business policy we should need to be honest. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) said,if you sell goods on lie basis then your goods would be sold with your faith.For instance if there is any medicine who will get expire any shop keeper sell to any uneducated person and he got infection, a person who got infected will complain to doctor not to pharmacy shop keeper. Today lie become the trend we just to sell a 300Rs shirt would lie many time. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) said selling thing upon lie basis would break trust of others. TRUST IN BUSINESS For having a successful business a trust of people is require. This does not mean that only one sided trust is require but from both seller and buyer. This enhances better understanding and good c ommunication.A Unit Trust is an investment vehicle that allows investors to take advantage of investing in a diversified group of stocks which manages risk and exposure to one or a few stocks. It also offers the opportunity to participate in the long-term performance of the stock market. Islamic Unit Trusts add other aspects that are a screening process to remove stocks of companies deemed to be inappropriate for Muslim investors and cleansing or purification of a company’s profits by removing any income derived from non-Shariah complaint sources, such as interest a company would earn on its bank accounts and donating them to charities.Therefore, Islamic unit trust schemes are required to additionally appoint a Shari’ah committee or to ensure that their operations are in accordance with Shari’ah. Islamic Unit Trusts can invest in many financial products in conventional financial markets which are not interest-based, or where the element of interest could be elim inated, such as property funds, commodities, financial options and futures and forward transactions in foreign currency. They can take advantage of international markets growth by giving priority to equity investments in Islamic banks and financial institutions, stock markets ofMuslim countries; and companies managed under the Islamic system. The manager of a Unit Trust mutual fund would typically invest the pooled money in a portfolio which may include the asset classes such as cash, bonds and deposits, shares, property and commodities; tangible assets represent more than 51% of the portfolio. Islamic Unit Trusts have also a wide range of investment options based on growth and income, open-ended, redeemable, etc. Their investments can cover international equity markets, currencies and properties.A Mudarabah fund can invest in a specific business activity on the basis of profit and loss sharing; Murabahah fund invest in companies whose transactions are undertaken on a cost-plus basi s; Through Musharakah the Unit Trust and the third party contribute funds in a joint venture, producing equity participation; And in Ijarah fund, the Islamic Trust finances equipment, building or entire project for a third party against an agreed rental. Besides, there will be no restriction to stop non-Muslims investing in an Islamic Unit Trust.A good analogy with Islamic Unit Trusts is one of ethical and green Unit Trusts. Here the universe of investable securities is limited by certain criteria based on moral and ethical considerations (muamalah. com; 2009). An ethical investment is the principle of investing in companies which make a positive contribution to the world and avoiding those which harm the world, its people or its wildlife. Society's increasing awareness of its environmental and social responsibilities is impacting on financial services, more and more investments based on ethical principles are now available.Some may think that the restrictions imposed by ethical inv estment with strict criteria may result in weaker performance; however ethical funds have often matched or beaten their non-ethical counterparts. Ethical investments are generally made through managed funds such as unit trusts which specialty is to seek profits for investors while conforming to certain ethical criteria such as that the company is not involved in activities like illegal armaments, gambling or pornography, or that it doesn’t produce or distribute alcohol, tobacco or drugs.Before buying shares of companies in a chosen sector, an ethical fund manager will run checks on that company to find out if it has interests in a number of areas according to pre-determined criteria. Accordingly, clients who invest in ethical funds can be sure that their money will be invested in companies that engage in legal and ethical activities. Islamic Unit Trusts investments are also based on specific criteria based on morality, the main criteria is to not deal in transactions which in volve the paying and receiving of interest.Islamic Unit Trusts should be run on a transparent and modern corporate basis and up-to-date accounting and within a legal framework in conformity with the Shari’ah. In the same way the decision to invest in the case of ethical unit trusts is made by the fund managers, based on information received from various professional bodies and specially constituted committees of reference, the decision in the case of Islamic unit trusts is conditioned by the a binding approval from the Shari’ah Boards which consist of established religious scholars who make a decision based on the interpretations of particular operations and contexts.A person can earn money by two means; one is agriculture and the other is business. If business is not done according to the ethics then there will always be inflation and shortage of goods. As it can be seen in the case of many commodities like wheat, sugar etc. It is due to the stocking in, speculation a nd the selfishness of some businessmen. The government has also become a trader itself, while the shariah has stopped the Islamic government from trading. As it can be seen that business is an important part of life, the Prophet Muhammad (P.B. U. H) said, â€Å"People get 9/10 of their daily bread by trade. † Islam explains the concept of righteous trade by telling business ethics. If trade or any other thing is done against the morals and creed then this will lead to the bad end on the day of resurrection. Also by the law the person guilty of illegal business would end up nowhere. Islam emphasizes on the importance of the business ethics a lot. Allah says in the Quran, â€Å"they say that buying is also like interest but Allah has declared buying as permissible and interest as forbidden. And â€Å"When you buy or sell then make someone a witness of it. † The Holy Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) said, â€Å"If trade was not there then you would have become a burden on others. † He also said that â€Å"A trader is the guardian of the means of daily bread and a keeper of the dignity of himself and other people. † The Holy Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) encouraged the trust worthy traders by these words, â€Å"A trustworthy and truthful merchant shall be with the prophets and the truthful and the martyrs and the righteous. â€Å"God shows mercy to a person who is kindly when he sells, when he buys and when he makes a claim† The prophet emphasized on the truthfulness and the righteousness of the businessmen a lot. He said that â€Å"Verily, merchants shall be raised up sinners on the day of resurrection, except he who fears God, and is good, and speaks the truth. As Muslims, we have to adhere to ethical standards, not only in business but also in all aspects of life. Both business and ethics are interrelated. There is a reference to this point in the Qur'an, â€Å"For you in the Messenger of Allah is a fine example to follow. Al lah Almighty says, â€Å"To the Madyan people (we sent) Shu'aib, one of their own brethren: he said: ‘O my people! Worship Allah. You have no other god but Him. And give not short measure or weight. I see you in prosperity, but I fear for you the penalty of a day that will compass (you) all rounds. And O my people! Give just measure and weight, nor withhold from the people the things that are their due: commit not evil in the land with intent to do mischief. That which is left you by Allah is best for you, if you (but) believed!But I am not set over you to keep watch! † At one Place Hazrat Ali said, if you dog your friend then don’t think you had brilliantly dodged but think that how much he still trust upon you. FAIR IN BUSINESS Fair is another quality which is also needed for business. WE shouldn’t concern with business whether it is small or big, but we should be fair and kind with people and people with you. The Holy Qur'an and Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) have made it clear that a Muslim must be honest and upright in his business and monetary dealing.Also the true Muslim should keep his word and fulfill his promises, shun fraud and avoid deceit and perfidy, encroach not upon the rights of others, nor take part in wrongful litigation. Also a good Muslim does not give false testimony, and abstains from making unlawful money as from usury and graft. According to Islam whoever is not free from these vices, is not a true believer but a renegade and a worthless transgressor. And the Qur'an is rich with verses that confirm all this. Allah says in the Quran, â€Å"Eat not up each other's property by unfair nd dishonest means. † Allah forbids all unclean and corrupt means of making money, such as, dishonest trading, gambling, and bribery. And the Holy Quran has explained and described such practices in many of its verses. He says, â€Å"Woe to those that deal in fraud, – those who, when they have to receive by measure from men, exact full measure, but when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due. Do they not think that they will be asked on a Mighty Day when (all) mankind will stand before the Lord of the lords. Another example is given in the coming verse, where Allah urges Muslims to be very particular about their trusts and about other people's rights. â€Å"Allah does command you to render back your trust, to those to whom they are due. † Major principles of fair business dealings According to Islam, the following things must be avoided to commence fair business. 1. No fraud or deceit, the Prophet (P. B. U. H) is reported to have said, â€Å"When a sale is held, say, there’s no cheating† 2. Sellers must avoid making too many oaths when selling merchandise. The Prophet (P. B. U.H) is reported to have said, â€Å"Be careful of excessive oaths in a sale. Though it finds markets, it reduces abundance. † 3. Mutual consent is necessary. The Prophet (P. B . U. H) is reported to have said, â€Å"The sale is complete when the two involved depart with mutual consent. † 4. Be strict in regard to weights and measures. The Prophet (P. B. U. H) said, â€Å"When people cheat in weight and measures, their provision is cut off from them. † He told the owners of measures and weights, â€Å"You have been entrusted with affairs over which some nations before you were destroyed. † 5. The Prophet (P.B. U. H) forbade monopolies. â€Å"Whoever monopolizes is a sinner. † 6. Free enterprise, the price of the commodities should not be fixed unless there is a situation of crisis or extreme necessity. 7. Hoarding merchandise in order to increase the prices is forbidden. 8. Transaction of forbidden (Haram) items, such as intoxicants, is forbidden. Fraud and dishonesty in business Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) has stressed the importance of honesty in most of his sermons, saying, â€Å"Remember, there is no faith in him who is n ot trustworthy; there is no place for him in religion who cares not for his ledged word or promise. He (PBUH) also said, â€Å"The signs of a hypocrite are three, when he speaks, he is false, when he promises, he fails; and when he is trusted, he plays false. † Condemning those who cheat in business Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) has said, â€Å"He who cheats is not of us. Deceitfulness and fraud are things that lead one to Hell. † Once Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) came upon a heap of corn in the market of Medina and thrust his hand onto it. His fingers felt damp. On being asked, the trader replied that rain had fallen upon it. The Prophet (P. B. U.H) observed, â€Å"Why did you not then keep (the wet portion of) it above the dry corn, so that men may see it? He, who deceives, is not one of us. † Thus traders who deceive by showing to customers a false sample or by concealing from them the defects of the product they're selling are not true Muslims in the judgment of Allah Prophet (PBUH) and, they are going to end up in hell. Prophet Muhammad (P. B. U. H) said, â€Å"The seller must explain to the buyer the defects, if any, in the quality of the article offered for sale. Should this not be done, the seller will permanently be caught in the Wrath of Allah. In short, all manner of deceit and dishonesty in business is prohibited in Islam. The Holy Prophet has expressed his strong dislike for those who do so. The Prophet's general advice to all people was that, â€Å"What is lawful is clear and what is unlawful is clear, but between them are certain doubtful things which many people do not recognize. He who guards against the doubtful things keep his religion and his honor blameless, but he who falls into doubtful things falls into what is unlawful, just as a shepherd who pastures his flocks round a sanctuary will soon pasture them in it.Every king has a sanctuary, and God's sanctuary is the things he had declared unlawful. â€Å"Before the Proph et invited his people towards Islam, it was his truthfulness and trustworthiness which had earned for Muhammad (S. A. W. ) the glorious titles of â€Å"Sadiq† (truthful) and â€Å"Amin†. Therefore, one must follow the teachings of the Holy Prophet (P. B. U. H) in regard to business and all other aspects of life; to become a good Businessman and hence, a better Muslim. Islam puts certain conditions and restrictions to obviate the chances of bitterness between the employer and employees.Islam encourages and promotes the spirit of love and brotherhood between them. According to the Islamic teachings it is the religious and moral responsibility of the employer to take care of the overall welfare and betterment of his employees. Fair wages, good working conditions, suitable work and excellent brotherly treatment should be provided to the workers. The last Prophet of Allah (sws) has explained this principle in the following words: Those are your brothers [workers under you] who are around you, Allah has placed them under you.So, if anyone of you has someone under him, he should feed him out of what he himself eats, clothe him like what he himself puts on, and let him not put so much burden on him that he is not able to bear, [and if that be the case], then lend your help to him. The Prophet (sws) also said: I will be foe to three persons on the Last Day: one of them being the one who, when he employs a person that has accomplished his duty, does not give him his due. The Prophet (sws) is also reported to have said: The wages of the laborers must be paid to him before the sweat dries upon his body. TRUTHFULNESS IN BUSINESSIn order to earn profit and making things Halal truthfulness is essential. People to buy things where ethics like truthfulness is present. Islam encourages truthfulness in business transactions and raises the status of a truthful merchant so much so that he will be at par with the holy warriors and martyrs, in the Hereafter. The Prophe t (sws) is reported to have said: The truthful merchant [is rewarded by being ranked] on the Day of Resurrection with prophets, veracious souls, martyrs and pious people. The Prophet (sws) has also exhorted the believers to strictly adhere to truthfulness in business transactions.He says: The seller and the buyer have the right to keep or return the goods as long as they have not parted or till they part; and if both the parties spoke the truth and described the defects and qualities [of the goods], then they would be blessed in their transaction, and if they told lies or hid something, then the blessings of their transaction would be lost. The tradition implies that Allah blesses business dealings if both the buyer and the seller are true to each other. Telling lies and hiding facts will result in the loss of divine blessing. A tradition reads. The Holy Prophet said: ‘Traders are wicked people’.The Companions asked: ‘O Messenger, has Allah not permitted business? ’ The Messenger replied: ‘Of course He has declared trading lawful. But they (i. e. the traders) will swear by Allah and do evil, they will not speak but tell lies’. JUSTICE IN BUSINESS The Quran also emphasizes on the concept of justice. It is another types of ethics which is deeply needed for running on the business. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, He who deals unfairly with others can never become useful member of society. Among the set of values the Qur'an and the Prophet's sayings emphasize are the concepts of justice and benevolence.The concept of justice (‘Adl) occupies a central place in the economic system of Islam. This value is prescribed in legal, social, moral and economic dealings. It is to be practiced with individuals, orphans, wives, tribes, communities and nations and even with peaceful enemies. It is applicable to speaking, giving witness, acting as a guardian, writing an agreement, arbitrating between parties, dealing with other people, j udging in a court of law and making business transactions. The concept of justice in an economic context encompasses fairness, equity, balance and equilibrium, symmetry and impartiality.The Quranic verses address individuals not only in their personal capacity but also in their capacity of being rulers, administrators, directors, employers, and all who deal with others. Justice, like truth, is a Divine virtue. Islam does not compromise on this value as it does not compromise on truth. While the Qur'an lays great emphasis on the value of justice, the Prophet has repeatedly persuaded the Muslims to stick to the value of Ihsan, which stands for benevolence, generosity, proficiency and magnanimity. The absence of ‘Adl inflicts harm and disturbs peace and harmony, but the absence of Ihsan does not harm anybody.It implies a more liberal treatment than justice demands. It begins where the limits of justice end. Absolute justice is a legal requirement and, therefore, essential, but th e Prophet, in line with the Quranic requirement, has persuaded his followers to behave magnanimously in claiming their rights and be generous in discharging their duty. ‘While ‘Adl eliminates injustice and exploitation and strikes a real balance between rights and responsibilities in society, Ihsan decorates the society with generosity, kindness, mercy, forgiveness, self sacrifice, mutual cooperation and affection. Adl is the primary condition for setting up an Islamic government, while Ihsan plays a vital role in building up a truly Islamic society; the former is a legal phenomenon while the latter is moral and religious. When we say that prices must be just, or fair, does this justice or fairness involve a moral value? Wholesale prices for all the dealers are almost the same. Can we then justify price variations at different centres? In Islamic law, if anybody charges an extraordinarily high price, it is termed as grave deception and is unacceptable.The Ottoman Code of Civil Law defines grave deception as higher than 5% (profit) on goods, 10% on animals and 20% on immovable property. The concept lays down the rate of profit but not the sale price. As a matter of fact, the wholesale price alone does not determine the sale price. It is determined by locality, standard of intramural decoration, packing, service, environment and other overhead costs. A trader has to add all the incurred and accrued expenses to the wholesale price, in addition to a profit for himself/herself.What rate of profit he should charge is determined largely by market forces and the nature of the competition, given a normal or prevailing price. All this proves that the concept of a just price is not a moral concept except where monopolies or oligopolies arbitrarily fix an unrealistically high price quite out of proportion with costs. The concept of the right to justice is mentioned repeatedly in the Qur'an. There is quite a lot of detail in the passages relating to the freedom to justice.In Islam there are two concepts which are considered, Ihsan and Adl. While Adl is typical of monotheistic religions, referring to the need for balance and equality when judging and individual, in Islam perhaps the more important term is Ihsan. Ihsan refers to making up an imbalance or an injustice by returning or giving back something to the person that is at disadvantage. As such, it is not only important to treat all people equally, but to allow those that are at an objective disadvantage compensation.These relate to the two most basic attributes of God, mercy and compassion (Al-Rahman and Al-Rahim. ) These two concepts are often compared to the love of a mother to her offspring. A parent must love equally all of his offspring, but if one of them has a handicap or requires special attention Ihsan dictates that a loving parent will give that child more to help him make his way in life. In the ideal Islamic society, the concept of justice necessarily reflects helping the disadvantaged, like widows, orphans, and those living with handicaps or in poverty. If Musharakah principle† was applied to a bank which holds a huge amount of depositors’ money and no interest rates permitted to earn income, banks will be forced to invest in different projects whether it is new or current. But the bank here is exposed to a risk of loss! It encourages a bank to diversify its investments since interest is prohibited and that leads to a growth in the economy since money is injected in several business and projects. If the economy grows on average, the investment pool will make profit.Banks here make income from investment not form interest by lending money. No interest rates for the depositors but their income increase in line with the growth in the economy. Thus, Islamic system based in â€Å"cooperative† (Sharing) and does not favor rich people. But it works on the principle of sharing which in a way or another leads to justice. The current news is that Sweden government is awarded as best governance. When people asked reason behind this success. They replied, we followed the Hazrat Umar (R. A) Rule of law.